Fig. 9

Effect of L. sakei treatment on pH levels and SCFA concentration. A The effect of the L. sakei strain on fecal pH in mice was determined after receiving L. sakei treatment for 10 days. B The effect of L. sakei on the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was also determined in both L. sakei treatment and control mice using a mouse short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) ELISA kit. C The concentration of different short-chain fatty acids in the feces of mice was measured after 10 days. The statistical difference in the number of microorganisms from different treatment groups was determined. Significant differences are indicated by asterisks using unpaired Student’s t-test (***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All data are presented as mean ± SD