Fig. 2

Propagation dynamics of S. cerevisiae isolate TA2 under (a) 8 ^obrix, (b) 10 ^obrix, and (c) 12 ^obrix pH 4.6, temperature 30 °C, DAP concentration 2 g.L⁻¹, and molasses concentration 30 ^obrix (w.v⁻¹) (conditions taken from the literature). Under the third propagation phase (12 ^obrix), a viable yeast cell density of 2.86 × 10⁸ cells. mL⁻¹ was recorded as an inoculum for fermentation at pH 3.98 at 24 h